In mining, a Resource/Reserve model is more than just a technical deliverable—it’s a strategic asset. From the boardroom to the pit, decisions hinge on the accuracy, clarity, and defensibility of that model. A robust geological model underpins resource confidence, guides mine planning, de-risks investment decisions, and, ultimately, protects shareholder value. It's crucial to acknowledge that geological models are built on geostatistical estimation—not certainties. There will always be an element of uncertainty. That’s why transparency in the modelling process and deep technical understanding from geoscientists are critical. When technical professionals articulate assumptions, communicate limitations, and work collaboratively, the model becomes a reliable foundation for informed decision-making. Dr Harry McDougal Parker, a pioneer in geostatistics, emphasised the importance of incorporating local geological controls and mining selectivity into resource models. He developed the use of conditional probability distributions to forecast recoverable resources—an approach still in use today . His work reminds us that embracing uncertainty through rigorous methods leads to better-informed decisions. From a corporate perspective, we look for models that: Clearly communicate uncertainty, not just tonnes and grade Integrate across disciplines, aligning geology with mining, processing, and finance Remain agile and auditable, adapting as new data comes in Tell a story, one that both technical teams and executives can trust and act on A great geological model doesn’t just inform—it empowers. It builds confidence, drives capital decisions, and helps deliver on strategy. FYI- This is a common question I am asked by clients. What is the difference between a Resource and Reserve Model? Resource Model: Represents the estimated quantity and quality of mineralisation in the ground, based on geological evidence and limited sampling. It includes Inferred, Indicated, and Measured categories, reflecting increasing levels of confidence—but it doesn’t yet consider economic viability or mine planning. Reserve Model: A subset of the Resource model that has been assessed as economically mineable, incorporating modifying factors such as mining method, processing, costs, and environmental and legal considerations. Reserves are classified as Probable or Proved, reflecting higher confidence and a clear business case for extraction.