Oryx Global Partners latest report, The Need for Critical Minerals Supply Chain Diversification, highlights a pressing challenge in today’s global energy transition: the over reliance on concentrated supply chains for critical minerals. China dominates processing and refining 90% of rare earths, over 50% of nickel, lithium, and cobalt, and is forecast to produce 95% of battery grade graphite by 2030. Meanwhile, Indonesia now accounts for 62% of global nickel supply, and the DRC contributes 66% of cobalt. These concentrations create vulnerabilities to geopolitical tensions, natural disasters, and trade conflicts. The report highlights the risks of this imbalance. China’s export controls, such as its recent hashtag#antimony restrictions, have driven price spikes of up to 200%, showcasing how minerals can be weaponised. Western nations are responding through policies like the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act and EU Critical Raw Materials Act, aiming to reshuffle supply chains and reduce dependence. Source: https://wp-orynx-2024.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/media/2025/01/2025.01-Oryx-Insights-Critical-Minerals-Supply-Diversification_vf.pdf