Uranium was discovered just over 200 years ago in 1789, and today, it’s among the world’s most important energy minerals. Throughout history, several events have left their imprints on global uranium production, from the invention of nuclear energy to the stockpiling of weapons during the Cold War. The above infographic visualizes over 70 years of uranium production by country using data from the Nuclear Energy Agency. The Pre-nuclear Power Era The first commercial nuclear power plant came online in 1956. Before that, uranium production was mainly dedicated to satisfying military requirements. In the 1940s, most of the world’s uranium came from the Shinkolobwe Mine in the Belgian Congo. During this time, Shinkolobwe and Canada’s Eldorado Mine also supplied uranium for the Manhattan Project and the world’s first atomic bomb. However, the end of World War II marked the beginning of two events that changed the uranium industry—the Cold War and the advent of nuclear energy. Peak Uranium Between 1960 and 1980, global uranium production increased by 53% to reach an all-time high of 69,692 tonnes. Here’s a breakdown of the top uranium producers in 1980: Country 1980 Production (tonnes U) % of Total U.S. 🇺🇸 16,811 24% USSR 15,700 23% Canada 🇨🇦 7,150 10% South Africa 🇿🇦 6,146 9% East Germany 🇩🇪 5,245 8% Niger 🇳🇪 4,120 6% Namibia 🇳🇦 4,042 6% France 🇫🇷 2,634 4% Czechoslovakia 🇨🇿 2,482 4% Australia 🇦🇺 1,561 2% Other 🌎 3,801 5% Total 69,692 100% Several factors drove this rise in production, including the heat of the Cold War and the rising demand for nuclear power. For example, the U.S. had 5,543 nuclear warheads in 1957. 10 years later, it had over 31,000, and the USSR eventually surpassed this with a peak stockpile of around 40,000 warheads by 1986. Additionally, the increasing number of reactors worldwide also propelled uranium production to new highs. In 1960, 15 reactors were operating globally. By 1980, this number increased to 245. What’s more, after the Oil Crisis in 1973, nuclear power emerged as a viable alternative to fossil fuels, and the price of uranium tripled between 1973 and 1975. Although the increase in uranium production was less dramatic, high prices made mining more profitable. However, several nuclear accidents in the world such as the Three Mile Island reactor meltdown in the U.S. in 1979 and the Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine in 1986 brought a stop to the rapid growth of nuclear power. Furthermore, following the end of the Cold War, military stockpiles of uranium were used as “secondary supply”, reducing the need for mine production to some extent. As a result, uranium production declined sharply after 1987.